Oh, its about to get real

That's the basic conclusion from the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). If we want to keep global warming to 1.5 Celsius above per-industrial levels (a goal set by the Paris Agreement in 2016) we will need to cut our emissions in half before 2030 and go carbon neutral by 2050. The report then lays out some of the stark consequences of not doing that such as communities and even some entire nations drowned by rising sea level, food shortages caused by prolonged droughts, and more frequent or intense natural disasters such as tropical storms and fires. Given what little we have so far done to avert disaster, even many optimistic people see those warnings as a fait accompli at this point. It still doesn't have to be. But perhaps more pragmatically, we need to act now to prevent things from getting even worse.

Read the report here: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/

Going up the Country

The National Park System is one of America's great ideas. They have preserved a significant chunk of our natural history for us and future generations to enjoy. Despite the protections they have, National Parks are not immune from existential changes we are causing to the earth system during the Anthropocene.   This Washington Post article summarizes a recent scientific study that suggests that climate change has had a disprortionate impact on our national parks.  This is partly becauese many of our parks are in the arctic and the western US, two regions that have so far experienced the most dramatic climate changes.

Soil!

Our conversion of landscapes such as forests and wetlands into various forms of domesticated landscapes such as row crops, managed pastures, and cities has been a major source of our greenhouse gas emissions as well as contributing to the ongoing imbalance between carbon sequestration and carbon flow to the atmosphere and oceans. This long article in the New York Times explores the role that soils play in this as well as efforts and ideas for improving carbon storage in our agricultural soils.

https://nyti.ms/2HcQ6d2

 

Footprints in the sand

Archeologists working along the shore of British Columbia have found the oldest known footprints in North America. The image above is from a NYT article describing the find: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/28/science/footprints-oldest-north-america.html
The article has a link to the actual scientific article that was published in PLOS One laste week.
The find adds a bit of evidence to the still contentious idea that the first human colonists to North America arrived via boat, takeing advantage of the rich coastal marine resources along the Pacific Coast of North America.  The hypthesized route has been called the "kelp highway".

Plugging Holes

The process that allowed us to came together as a global society to address the depletion of earth's ozone layer is one of the great success stories of ecosystem management.  First scientists provided a clear and unambiguous warning about the threat and what was causing it.  Policymakers, governments, and private industry used that information to design practical solutions and to implement them.  Governments came together and took collective and decisive action to support those solutions.  That culminated 30 years ago in the signing of the Montreal Protocol, which helped us phase out the use of chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons that are the main enemies of stratospheric ozone.

 However, check out this BBC story about the rise of other compounds that are beginning to have a detrimental affect  http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41585552

 One of the main ones is dichloroethane that is used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  PVC is everywhere.  Agriculture, is one example where it is increasingly being used for things like irrigation pipe, green houses, and row covers among other things.

This news story is based on a recent scientific paper.  Check out the original source here:
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11929/2017/

Also note that there is still scientific controversy about this.  Unlike the case when the Montreal Protocol was signed

Check out this paper that came out today in PNAS:
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/long/1702078114v1

The lead author, William Ripple, is from OSU.

This is from the Significance section of the article:

Determining the drivers of extinction risk has been a key pursuit of conservation biology. Considering that body mass could be a strong predictor of extinction risk, we constructed a global database of body masses for 27,647 vertebrate species. Results show that the smallest- and largest-bodied vertebrates have elevated extinction risk. The largest vertebrates are mostly threatened by direct killing by humans, whereas the smallest species are more likely to have restricted geographic ranges—an important predictor of extinction risk—and be threatened by habitat degradation. Declines of large and small vertebrate species will truncate the size distributions characterizing these taxa, jeopardizing ecosystem services to humans, and generating cascading ecological and evolutionary effects on other species and processes.